Every measurement has an error, and a tool that hides it is not being straight with you. Ours comes from two independent sources, which we combine in quadrature — the standard way of adding uncertainties that are unrelated to each other.
σ = √( (diameter × calibration_error)² + measurement_error² )
Calibration error is proportional: if your screen scale is 0.5% out, every measurement made on it is 0.5% out. A card gives about ±0.5%, a coin about ±0.8% because the same pixel error is a larger fraction of a smaller object, and two references that agree with each other get you to about ±0.3%.
Measurement error is absolute: matching a hard ring edge is good to roughly ±0.15 mm, a paper strip to about ±0.22 mm of diameter, and a bare finger to around ±0.5 mm because there is no hard edge to align to.
One US size is 0.8128 mm of diameter, so a total error of 0.16 mm is about a fifth of a size. That is roughly the best a screen sizer can physically do — and it is why our top confidence tier says “high”, not “exact”.
The practical takeaway: measure an existing ring rather than a finger, calibrate with two different objects, and don’t zoom the page afterwards. Those three things move you from ±0.65 of a size to about ±0.4.